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Background
The range of narrow-diameter implants offered to surgeons starts generally with a diameter of 3.0mm. Considerable efforts may apply to these systems, which require high strength materials and robust design. Two types of design are employed, either screw-retained or screw-less Morse taper abutments. Mechanical comparisons of the two designs are rarely found in the literature, as well as in-situ analysis of strains under loading. Conventional X-ray imaging can be used to qualify the mechanical behavior of dental implant assemblies. The work of Zipprich et al. (2007) gives interesting insights on this method by comparing different types of implant-abutment junction during in-situ loading. However in the context of micromovements or microgaps analysis in conical connections, conventional X-Rays imaging systems are not sufficiently precise. Those micromovements at the implant/abutment junction are a matter of concern for crestal bone level stability and peri-implant infection issues. The degree of leakage that is attainable was never compared between the two connection designs on such narrow diameter implants.
Aim/Hypothesis
The aim of this study was to characterize the implant-abutment interface of narrow-diameter (Ø≤3mm) implants during in-situ mechanical loading and after fatigue testing by using high-resolution X-ray imaging.
Material and Methods
Three commercially available narrow diameter implants (Ø≤3mm) with various designs were selected. A testing rig was developed to apply in-situ mechanical loading following ISO14801 geometrical prescriptions to the implants within an X-Ray tomography chamber. In addition, fatigue tests were performed on the implants. Geometrical strains were assessed during and after loading or fatigue tests by high-resolution X-ray tomography and image analysis.
Results
High-resolution X-Ray tomography provided consistent information on the behavior of narrow dental implant systems submitted to intense (up to 300N) loading. The in-situ loading protocol and subsequent image analysis were successfully applied to characterize strains and possible gap openings in the different systems. Screw-less design seems to prevent transitory opening of the implant abutment junction. Fatigue testing at 15Hz, 120N revealed a significant dispersion in mechanical strength among the systems tested.
Conclusions and clinical implications
Considering present clinical indications of narrow-diameter implants, both screw-retained and Morse taper connection designs are able to sustain considerable efforts. Implant-abutment junction sealing is better maintained in Morse taper than in screw-retained conical connections when submitted to intense monotonic loading. Further studies will be necessary to correlate these findings with crestal bone loss and likelihood of bacterial infections.
Background
The range of narrow-diameter implants offered to surgeons starts generally with a diameter of 3.0mm. Considerable efforts may apply to these systems, which require high strength materials and robust design. Two types of design are employed, either screw-retained or screw-less Morse taper abutments. Mechanical comparisons of the two designs are rarely found in the literature, as well as in-situ analysis of strains under loading. Conventional X-ray imaging can be used to qualify the mechanical behavior of dental implant assemblies. The work of Zipprich et al. (2007) gives interesting insights on this method by comparing different types of implant-abutment junction during in-situ loading. However in the context of micromovements or microgaps analysis in conical connections, conventional X-Rays imaging systems are not sufficiently precise. Those micromovements at the implant/abutment junction are a matter of concern for crestal bone level stability and peri-implant infection issues. The degree of leakage that is attainable was never compared between the two connection designs on such narrow diameter implants.
Aim/Hypothesis
The aim of this study was to characterize the implant-abutment interface of narrow-diameter (Ø≤3mm) implants during in-situ mechanical loading and after fatigue testing by using high-resolution X-ray imaging.
Material and Methods
Three commercially available narrow diameter implants (Ø≤3mm) with various designs were selected. A testing rig was developed to apply in-situ mechanical loading following ISO14801 geometrical prescriptions to the implants within an X-Ray tomography chamber. In addition, fatigue tests were performed on the implants. Geometrical strains were assessed during and after loading or fatigue tests by high-resolution X-ray tomography and image analysis.
Results
High-resolution X-Ray tomography provided consistent information on the behavior of narrow dental implant systems submitted to intense (up to 300N) loading. The in-situ loading protocol and subsequent image analysis were successfully applied to characterize strains and possible gap openings in the different systems. Screw-less design seems to prevent transitory opening of the implant abutment junction. Fatigue testing at 15Hz, 120N revealed a significant dispersion in mechanical strength among the systems tested.
Conclusions and clinical implications
Considering present clinical indications of narrow-diameter implants, both screw-retained and Morse taper connection designs are able to sustain considerable efforts. Implant-abutment junction sealing is better maintained in Morse taper than in screw-retained conical connections when submitted to intense monotonic loading. Further studies will be necessary to correlate these findings with crestal bone loss and likelihood of bacterial infections.
Background
The range of narrow-diameter implants offered to surgeons starts generally with a diameter of 3.0mm. Considerable efforts may apply to these systems, which require high strength materials and robust design. Two types of design are employed, either screw-retained or screw-less Morse taper abutments. Mechanical comparisons of the two designs are rarely found in the literature, as well as in-situ analysis of strains under loading. Conventional X-ray imaging can be used to qualify the mechanical behavior of dental implant assemblies. The work of Zipprich et al. (2007) gives interesting insights on this method by comparing different types of implant-abutment junction during in-situ loading. However in the context of micromovements or microgaps analysis in conical connections, conventional X-Rays imaging systems are not sufficiently precise. Those micromovements at the implant/abutment junction are a matter of concern for crestal bone level stability and peri-implant infection issues. The degree of leakage that is attainable was never compared between the two connection designs on such narrow diameter implants.
Aim/Hypothesis
The aim of this study was to characterize the implant-abutment interface of narrow-diameter (Ø≤3mm) implants during in-situ mechanical loading and after fatigue testing by using high-resolution X-ray imaging.
Material and Methods
Three commercially available narrow diameter implants (Ø≤3mm) with various designs were selected. A testing rig was developed to apply in-situ mechanical loading following ISO14801 geometrical prescriptions to the implants within an X-Ray tomography chamber. In addition, fatigue tests were performed on the implants. Geometrical strains were assessed during and after loading or fatigue tests by high-resolution X-ray tomography and image analysis.
Results
High-resolution X-Ray tomography provided consistent information on the behavior of narrow dental implant systems submitted to intense (up to 300N) loading. The in-situ loading protocol and subsequent image analysis were successfully applied to characterize strains and possible gap openings in the different systems. Screw-less design seems to prevent transitory opening of the implant abutment junction. Fatigue testing at 15Hz, 120N revealed a significant dispersion in mechanical strength among the systems tested.
Conclusions and clinical implications
Considering present clinical indications of narrow-diameter implants, both screw-retained and Morse taper connection designs are able to sustain considerable efforts. Implant-abutment junction sealing is better maintained in Morse taper than in screw-retained conical connections when submitted to intense monotonic loading. Further studies will be necessary to correlate these findings with crestal bone loss and likelihood of bacterial infections.
Background
The range of narrow-diameter implants offered to surgeons starts generally with a diameter of 3.0mm. Considerable efforts may apply to these systems, which require high strength materials and robust design. Two types of design are employed, either screw-retained or screw-less Morse taper abutments. Mechanical comparisons of the two designs are rarely found in the literature, as well as in-situ analysis of strains under loading. Conventional X-ray imaging can be used to qualify the mechanical behavior of dental implant assemblies. The work of Zipprich et al. (2007) gives interesting insights on this method by comparing different types of implant-abutment junction during in-situ loading. However in the context of micromovements or microgaps analysis in conical connections, conventional X-Rays imaging systems are not sufficiently precise. Those micromovements at the implant/abutment junction are a matter of concern for crestal bone level stability and peri-implant infection issues. The degree of leakage that is attainable was never compared between the two connection designs on such narrow diameter implants.
Aim/Hypothesis
The aim of this study was to characterize the implant-abutment interface of narrow-diameter (Ø≤3mm) implants during in-situ mechanical loading and after fatigue testing by using high-resolution X-ray imaging.
Material and Methods
Three commercially available narrow diameter implants (Ø≤3mm) with various designs were selected. A testing rig was developed to apply in-situ mechanical loading following ISO14801 geometrical prescriptions to the implants within an X-Ray tomography chamber. In addition, fatigue tests were performed on the implants. Geometrical strains were assessed during and after loading or fatigue tests by high-resolution X-ray tomography and image analysis.
Results
High-resolution X-Ray tomography provided consistent information on the behavior of narrow dental implant systems submitted to intense (up to 300N) loading. The in-situ loading protocol and subsequent image analysis were successfully applied to characterize strains and possible gap openings in the different systems. Screw-less design seems to prevent transitory opening of the implant abutment junction. Fatigue testing at 15Hz, 120N revealed a significant dispersion in mechanical strength among the systems tested.
Conclusions and clinical implications
Considering present clinical indications of narrow-diameter implants, both screw-retained and Morse taper connection designs are able to sustain considerable efforts. Implant-abutment junction sealing is better maintained in Morse taper than in screw-retained conical connections when submitted to intense monotonic loading. Further studies will be necessary to correlate these findings with crestal bone loss and likelihood of bacterial infections.